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适用场景：你需要在 macOS Apple Silicon / arm64 上拿到 libstdc++.6.dylib，但不想完整安装 Homebrew。不适用：iOS 真机、Linux、Intel Mac。iOS/Xcode 项目更推荐迁移到 libc++。

0. 先确认你的系统和架构

uname -m
sw_vers -productVersion

uname -m 应该输出 arm64。系统版本与 Homebrew bottle 标签对应关系：

macOS 版本 Homebrew bottle 标签
macOS 26 Tahoe arm64_tahoe
macOS 15 Sequoia arm64_sequoia
macOS 14 Sonoma arm64_sonoma

1. 选择对应的 bottle URL

macOS 26 Tahoe / Apple Silicon

OS_TAG="arm64_tahoe"
VERSION="16.1.0"
URL="https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/gcc/blobs/sha256:39faa08c413c043b9f44a6be5beb260d5acf7fd0bf035688c2579d3be48a8463"
SHA256="39faa08c413c043b9f44a6be5beb260d5acf7fd0bf035688c2579d3be48a8463"

macOS 15 Sequoia / Apple Silicon

OS_TAG="arm64_sequoia"
VERSION="16.1.0"
URL="https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/gcc/blobs/sha256:083223989b47d242c7c42366abaf3e8509f7bdde84a370cb7381c9267a199847"
SHA256="083223989b47d242c7c42366abaf3e8509f7bdde84a370cb7381c9267a199847"

macOS 14 Sonoma / Apple Silicon

OS_TAG="arm64_sonoma"
VERSION="16.1.0"
URL="https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/gcc/blobs/sha256:9d4be966090f2585d27a717c96208077059e43c5ab5b510f1525b0efc2a21bb7"
SHA256="9d4be966090f2585d27a717c96208077059e43c5ab5b510f1525b0efc2a21bb7"

2. 下载官方 bottle

选好上面其中一组变量后，执行：

TOKEN="$(curl -fsSL 'https://ghcr.io/token?scope=repository:homebrew/core/gcc:pull' \
  | sed -n 's/.*"token":"\([^"]*\)".*/\1/p')"

curl -fL \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  "$URL" \
  -o "gcc-${VERSION}-${OS_TAG}.bottle.tar.gz"

校验 SHA256：

echo "$SHA256  gcc-${VERSION}-${OS_TAG}.bottle.tar.gz" | shasum -a 256 -c -

看到以下结果说明文件完整：

gcc-16.1.0-arm64_sequoia.bottle.tar.gz: OK

3. 解压并找到 libstdc++.6.dylib

mkdir -p "$HOME/Downloads/gcc-bottle"

tar -xzf "gcc-${VERSION}-${OS_TAG}.bottle.tar.gz" \
  -C "$HOME/Downloads/gcc-bottle"

find "$HOME/Downloads/gcc-bottle" \
  -name 'libstdc++.6*.dylib' \
  -print

通常会找到类似路径：

/Users/你的用户名/Downloads/gcc-bottle/gcc/16.1.0/lib/gcc/current/libstdc++.6.dylib

确认是 ARM 版：

LIB="$(find "$HOME/Downloads/gcc-bottle" -name 'libstdc++.6.dylib' | head -n 1)"
file "$LIB"
lipo -archs "$LIB"

输出里看到 arm64 就确认无误。

4. 推荐：按 Homebrew 原本路径放置

gcc 的 Apple Silicon bottle Cellar 路径是 /opt/homebrew/Cellar，按此放置可以避免路径引用问题：

sudo mkdir -p /opt/homebrew/Cellar /opt/homebrew/opt

sudo tar -xzf "gcc-${VERSION}-${OS_TAG}.bottle.tar.gz" \
  -C /opt/homebrew/Cellar

sudo ln -sfn ../Cellar/gcc/${VERSION} /opt/homebrew/opt/gcc

ls -l /opt/homebrew/opt/gcc/lib/gcc/current/libstdc++.6.dylib

之后的稳定路径：

/opt/homebrew/opt/gcc/lib/gcc/current/libstdc++.6.dylib

5. 让旧程序找到这个库

先查看程序依赖：

otool -L /path/to/your_binary | grep libstdc++

如果它依赖 /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib，用 install_name_tool 改掉引用路径：

install_name_tool -change \
  /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib \
  /opt/homebrew/opt/gcc/lib/gcc/current/libstdc++.6.dylib \
  /path/to/your_binary

改完再检查：

otool -L /path/to/your_binary | grep libstdc++

6. 不要复制到 /usr/lib

现代 macOS 有 System Integrity Protection，会保护 /System、/usr、/bin、/sbin 等位置。正确做法是将库放在 /opt/homebrew/opt/gcc/...，通过 install_name_tool 修改旧程序的引用路径。

7. macOS 13 Ventura / macOS 12 Monterey 的备选方案

当前 gcc bottle 主要覆盖 Tahoe / Sequoia / Sonoma，较旧系统可以使用 gcc@11 bottle。

macOS 13 Ventura / Apple Silicon

OS_TAG="arm64_ventura"
VERSION="11.5.0"
URL="https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/gcc/11/blobs/sha256:b0936cf63d97795bfe8e17a9e4a4f75be0fd3f9407e467d5d02df1fba5caa499"
SHA256="b0936cf63d97795bfe8e17a9e4a4f75be0fd3f9407e467d5d02df1fba5caa499"

TOKEN="$(curl -fsSL 'https://ghcr.io/token?scope=repository:homebrew/core/gcc/11:pull' \
  | sed -n 's/.*"token":"\([^"]*\)".*/\1/p')"

curl -fL \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  "$URL" \
  -o "gcc-${VERSION}-${OS_TAG}.bottle.tar.gz"

echo "$SHA256  gcc-${VERSION}-${OS_TAG}.bottle.tar.gz" | shasum -a 256 -c -

macOS 12 Monterey / Apple Silicon

OS_TAG="arm64_monterey"
VERSION="11.5.0"
URL="https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/gcc/11/blobs/sha256:85d430ddf596edf1f14639ca164d7370a46456c017008723392fcf9cd1f91bfa"
SHA256="85d430ddf596edf1f14639ca164d7370a46456c017008723392fcf9cd1f91bfa"

TOKEN="$(curl -fsSL 'https://ghcr.io/token?scope=repository:homebrew/core/gcc/11:pull' \
  | sed -n 's/.*"token":"\([^"]*\)".*/\1/p')"

curl -fL \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  "$URL" \
  -o "gcc-${VERSION}-${OS_TAG}.bottle.tar.gz"

echo "$SHA256  gcc-${VERSION}-${OS_TAG}.bottle.tar.gz" | shasum -a 256 -c -

解压后按 Homebrew 路径放置：

sudo mkdir -p /opt/homebrew/Cellar /opt/homebrew/opt
sudo tar -xzf "gcc-${VERSION}-${OS_TAG}.bottle.tar.gz" -C /opt/homebrew/Cellar
sudo ln -sfn ../Cellar/gcc@11/${VERSION} /opt/homebrew/opt/gcc@11
find /opt/homebrew/opt/gcc@11 -name 'libstdc++.6*.dylib' -print

参考

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